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Typical source

Citric acid (fermentation)

Plain-language explanation

Sodium citrates are salts derived from citric acid, which is naturally found in citrus fruits but is often commercially produced through fermentation. They are commonly used as acidity regulators and preservatives in foods and drinks. The halal status is generally considered halal, but it depends on the source of the citric acid; if produced through microbial fermentation using halal-certified raw materials, it is accepted as halal by major bodies like JAKIM and MUI. However, if the fermentation process uses non-halal nutrients or enzymes, the final product would not be considered halal.