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Typical source

Meat, fish, or tapioca fermentation

Plain-language explanation

Disodium inosinate, or E631, is a flavor enhancer often used with MSG to give foods a savory or meaty taste. It is typically made from either fish, meat, or fermented plant sources like tapioca. Its halal status depends entirely on its origin; if derived from fish or plant sources, it is considered halal, but if it comes from pork or non-halal slaughtered animals, it is haram. Major halal certification bodies like JAKIM, MUI, and MUIS require the source to be verified and clearly labeled to ensure it is permissible.