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Typical source

Synthetic azo dye

Plain-language explanation

E102, also known as Tartrazine, is a synthetic lemon-yellow dye used to color foods, drinks, and cosmetics. It is made from coal tar or petroleum products and is not derived from animals or alcohol. Major halal certification bodies like JAKIM, MUI, and MUIS generally consider it halal because its source is chemical and not haram. However, some Muslims avoid it due to concerns about potential health effects or personal dietary preferences.