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Typical source

Synthetic azo dye

Plain-language explanation

E122, also known as Azorubine or Carmoisine, is a synthetic red food coloring made from coal tar and used in sweets, drinks, and desserts. Major halal certification bodies like JAKIM, MUI, and MUIS generally consider it halal because it is chemically synthesized and not derived from animal sources. However, some consumers avoid it due to health concerns, so checking for halal certification on the product label is always recommended.