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Typical source

Synthetic or fruit

Plain-language explanation

Malic acid (E296) is a natural acid found in many fruits like apples that gives them a tart taste, and it is also produced commercially for use as a flavor enhancer and preservative. When it is extracted from plant sources or made through fermentation, it is considered halal by major certification bodies like JAKIM, MUI, MUIS, ESMA, and HFA. However, its halal status can become doubtful if it is produced using microbial enzymes grown on non-halal nutrients or if it is processed with alcohol, so consumers should look for a halal certification to be certain.