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Typical source

Pine rosin + glycerol (plant or animal)

Plain-language explanation

E445, also known as glycerol esters of wood rosin, is a food additive made from the natural resin of pine trees that helps stabilize citrus-flavored drinks. Since it comes from a plant source, it is generally considered halal by major certification bodies like JAKIM, MUI, and MUIS. However, its halal status can be affected if the glycerol used in its production is derived from animal fat, which would require specific halal verification.