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Typical source

Feathers, hair, or synthetic

Plain-language explanation

L-cystine is an amino acid used as a flour treatment agent to improve dough texture, and it is commercially produced by either synthesizing it chemically or extracting it from natural sources like poultry feathers or human hair. Its halal status depends entirely on the source; if it is chemically synthesized or derived from halal-certified poultry, it is considered halal. However, if it is extracted from human hair or non-halal animal sources, it is deemed haram. Major halal certification bodies like JAKIM, MUI, and MUIS require verification of the source to confirm its status.